1. Resistor: One of the common components in a circuit. Its main function is to limit the flow of current and control the voltage and current levels in the circuit. By adjusting the circuit signal with different resistance values, it is possible to prevent overcurrent from damaging other components.

　　2. Capacitor: A common component in a circuit that stores energy. Capacitors can store and release charges under the action of an electric field. It plays a storage and discharge role in the circuit, used for circuit functions such as filtering, coupling, and voltage stabilization.

　　3. Diode: A nonlinear component in a circuit. Diodes have a single conductivity and can only circulate current in one direction. It is commonly used for circuit rectification, current limiting, and protection functions.

　　4. Transistor: An important semiconductor device in electronic equipment. The transistor can amplify current and voltage signals, and has various functions such as switching, amplification, and voltage stabilization. It is widely used in electronic devices, such as amplifiers, computer chips, etc.

　　5. Integrated Circuit: An integrated circuit on a circuit board is a miniature electronic circuit composed of hundreds or even thousands of transistors, capacitors, and resistors. It can achieve various functions, such as storage, computing, control, etc., and is widely used in various electronic devices such as computers, mobile phones, televisions, etc.

　　6. Inductor: A common energy storage component in a circuit. Inductors are mainly used to store magnetic field energy and can release magnetic field energy. It plays a role in filtering, coupling, and voltage stabilization in circuits, and is commonly used in circuits such as power supplies and amplifiers.